Schizophrenia: Facts About it and Drug used, Risperidone.

Schizophrenia: Facts About it and Drug used, Risperidone.

Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide that typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, though it can develop at any age. It affects a person's perception of reality, thinking processes, and emotional responses. While the exact cause of schizophrenia remains indefinable. Schizophrenia stances significant challenges to both those who suffer from it and their loved ones.

Factors involved in Schizophrenia:

• Genetic factors.
• Environmental factors.
• Neurobiological factors.

These factors in combination or alone contribute to the development of this disease.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia:

There are three main categories for symptoms:

Positive Symptoms:

• Abnormal behaviour.
• Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that actually are not there)
• Delusions (beliefs that are false and resistant to reason).
• Disorganized thinking.
• Impaired social functioning.

Negative Symptoms:

• Deficit or a loss of normal functions
• Reduced emotional expression
• Social withdrawal
• Impaired cognitive function.
• Cognitive Symptoms: -
• Problems with memory
• Problems with attention
• Problems with executive function.
• It is challenging for individuals with this disease to plan and organize their thoughts and actions.

Treatment of Schizophrenia:

Fortunately, research in medical science have led to the invention of various medications, one of them is Risperidone, that have revolutionized the treatment of this disease. Treating schizophrenia typically involves a comprehensive approach that combines medication, psychotherapy, and support from mental health professionals and loved ones. Medication, in particular, plays a crucial role in symptom control and functional recovery. Among the many antipsychotic medications available, Risperidone is one of the most widely prescribed and well-studied options.

Risperidone: A Cornerstone of Schizophrenia Treatment:

Risperidone is an atypical second-generation antipsychotic medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for schizophrenia treatment. It works by controlling the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and serotonin, which are believed to play a significant role in the development of psychotic symptoms.

Mechanism of Action:

Risperidone works by blocking the action of specific neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and serotonin. Dopamine dysregulation has long been associated with the development of psychosis in schizophrenia, making risperidone's action on this neurotransmitter particularly valuable.

Therapeutic effects of Risperidone:

Lessening in symptoms: Risperidone effectively reduces the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, promoting an individual to recover a clearer sense of reality.

Improvement in Cognitive Function: Some studies show that Risperidone may also help to improve cognitive function, making it easier for individuals to involve in daily activities and maintain relationships.

Enhanced Quality of Life: By effectively managing symptoms, Risperidone can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with schizophrenia, enabling them to lead more fulfilling and independent lives.

Side Effects:

Risperidone, like all medications, may have side effects which includes,

• Sedation.
• Metabolic changes.
• Drowsiness: Risperidone can induce drowsiness, which may affect the ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid alcohol and other sedating agents while taking this medication.
• Weight Gain: Some individuals may experience weight gain while taking risperidone, which can contribute to other health issues.
• Increased Risk of Diabetes: Risperidone can increase the risk of developing diabetes, so regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential, especially in those with preexisting risk factors.
• Movement Disorders: Risperidone can cause movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, particularly in the face and limbs.
• Elevated Prolactin Levels: Risperidone can lead to elevated levels of the hormone prolactin, which may cause breast enlargement and lactation in both males and females.
• Neurological and Cardiovascular Effects: Rarely, risperidone may be associated with neurological side effects, including seizures, and cardiovascular issues such as low blood pressure or changes in heart rate.
• However, these side effects must be weighed against the potential benefits of symptom control and improved functioning.

Dosage and Administration:

The dosage of risperidone varies according to the condition being treated, the patient's age, and individual factors. It can be taken orally, with or without food. It is important to follow the prescribing doctor's instructions carefully and not to adjust the dosage without consulting a healthcare professional.